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common elements

Толкование Перевод

1 Common Elements

Недвижимость: общественные помещения (в кондоминиуме)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Common Elements
2 Thorndike common elements theory

Авиационная медицина: теория Торндайка о необходимости максимального сходства тренажёра и реальной техники

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Thorndike common elements theory
3 Thorndike common elements theory

теория Торндайка о необходимости максимального сходства тренажера и реальной техники

Англо-русский словарь по авиационной медицине > Thorndike common elements theory
4 common application service elements

Автоматика: элементы обслуживания эталонной модели локальной сети (открытых систем)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > common application service elements
5 signage elements
1. указатели
указатели
Знаки, взятые из набора элементов и предназначенные для ориентации людей и транспортных средств на всех объектах Игр и прилегающих территориях.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

EN

signage elements
Wayfinding elements from the KOP, which support the movement of people and vehicles at all venues and within the common domain.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

Тематики
- спорт (образ Игр)
EN
- signage elements
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > signage elements
6 comprehensive customs work programme on common data elements, risk management and express consignment clearance

Общая лексика: всеобъемлющая программа работы таможенных служб, касающейся общих элементов данных, управления рисками и срочной таможенной очистки грузо

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > comprehensive customs work programme on common data elements, risk management and express consignment clearance
7 comprehensive customs work programme on common data elements, risk management and express consignment clearance

всеобъемлющая программа работы таможенных служб, касающейся общих элементов данных, управления рисками и срочной таможенной очистки грузов

Терминологический словарь МИД России > comprehensive customs work programme on common data elements, risk management and express consignment clearance
8 comprehensive customs work programme on common data elements, risk management and express consignment clearance

всеобъемлющая программа работы таможенных служб, касающейся общих элементов данных, управления рисками и срочной таможенной очистки грузов

Англо-русский дипломатический словарь > comprehensive customs work programme on common data elements, risk management and express consignment clearance
9 control switch (for control and auxiliary circuits)
1. аппарат управления (для цепей управления и вспомогательных цепей)
2. аппарат управления
аппарат управления
Контактный коммутационный аппарат для управления аппаратурой распределения или управления, в том числе для сигнализации, электрической блокировки и т. п.
Примечание. Аппарат управления состоит из одного или нескольких контактных элементов с общей системой управления.
МЭК 60050(441-14-46).
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60947-1-99)]

EN

control switch (for control and auxiliary circuits)
a mechanical switching device which serves the purpose of controlling the operation of switchgear or controlgear, including signalling, electrical interlocking, etc
NOTE – A control switch consists of one or more contact elements with a common actuating system.
[IEV number 441-14-46]

FR

auxiliaire de commande (pour circuits auxiliaires de commande)
appareil mécanique de connexion dont la fonction est de commander la manoeuvre d'un appareillage, y compris la signalisation, le verrouillage électrique, etc
NOTE – Un auxiliaire de commande comporte un ou plusieurs éléments de contact et un mécanisme transmetteur commun.
[IEV number 441-14-46]

Тематики
- аппарат, изделие, устройство...
Синонимы
- аппарат для цепей управления и вспомогательных цепей
EN
- control device
- control switch (for control and auxiliary circuits)
DE
- Hilfsstromschalter
FR
- auxiliaire de commande (pour circuits auxiliaires de commande)
аппарат управления (для цепей управления и вспомогательных цепей)
Контактный коммутационный аппарат для управления аппаратурой распределения или управления, в том числе для сигнализации, электрической блокировки и т. п.
Примечание — Аппарат управления состоит из одного или нескольких контактных элементов с общей системой управления.
(МЭК 60050(441-14-46).
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60947-1-99)]

EN

control switch (for control and auxiliary circuits)
a mechanical switching device which serves the purpose of controlling the operation of switchgear or controlgear, including signalling, electrical interlocking, etc
NOTE – A control switch consists of one or more contact elements with a common actuating system.
[IEV number 441-14-46]

FR

auxiliaire de commande (pour circuits auxiliaires de commande)
appareil mécanique de connexion dont la fonction est de commander la manoeuvre d'un appareillage, y compris la signalisation, le verrouillage électrique, etc
NOTE – Un auxiliaire de commande comporte un ou plusieurs éléments de contact et un mécanisme transmetteur commun.
[IEV number 441-14-46]

Тематики
- аппарат, изделие, устройство...
EN
- control switch (for control and auxiliary circuits)
DE
- Hilfsstromschalter
FR
- auxiliaire de commande (pour circuits auxiliaires de commande)
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > control switch (for control and auxiliary circuits)
10 CASE

1) Общая лексика: Consortium for Accreditation of Sonographic Education

2) Военный термин: Combined Arms Synthetic Experiment, Computer-Assisted Software Engineering, Corps Area Support Element, Counteragency for Sabotage and Espionage, communications, analysis, simulation and evaluation, computer-aided system evaluation, computer-automated support equipment, corps and subordinate echelons

3) Техника: Citizens Action for Safe Environment, Citizens Association for Sound Energy, common access switching equipment, computer-aided software/system engineering, coordinating agency for supplier evaluation

4) Автомобильный термин: cranking angle sensing error

5) Телекоммуникации: Common Application Service Element

6) Сокращение: Close Air Support Evaluation, Coherent Active Source Experiment (USA), Combined Arms Systems Engineering, Committee on Academic Science and Engineering, Computer-Aided System Engineering, computer automated, Computer Application Service Elements, Council of American States in Europe, Centers of Advanced Study and Education

7) Электроника: Computer- Aided Systems Engineering

8) Вычислительная техника: Computer Aided Software Engineering, computer-aided science engineering, Common Application Service Element (ISO, OSI), автоматизация научных исследований и экспериментов с помощью компьютера, автоматизированное проектирование систем

9) Транспорт: Continuing Automotive Service Education

10) Деловая лексика: Confidence Accessibility Safety And Efficiency, Confidence, Accessibility, Soundness, And Efficiency

11) Образование: Chicago Academic Standards Examinations

12) Сетевые технологии: Computer-Aided Software Engineering

13) Полимеры: Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants & Elastomers

14) Программирование: аббревиатура от Computer Aided Software Engineering (Автоматизация проектирования программного обеспечения)

15) Автоматика: common application service elements

16) Океанография: Coordinated Air- Sea Experiment

17) Иммунофармакология: Cellulose Acetate Strip Electrophoresis (электрофорез на полоске из ацетата целлюлозы)

18) Макаров: автоматизированная разработка программного обеспечения

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > CASE
11 case

1) Общая лексика: Consortium for Accreditation of Sonographic Education

2) Военный термин: Combined Arms Synthetic Experiment, Computer-Assisted Software Engineering, Corps Area Support Element, Counteragency for Sabotage and Espionage, communications, analysis, simulation and evaluation, computer-aided system evaluation, computer-automated support equipment, corps and subordinate echelons

3) Техника: Citizens Action for Safe Environment, Citizens Association for Sound Energy, common access switching equipment, computer-aided software/system engineering, coordinating agency for supplier evaluation

4) Автомобильный термин: cranking angle sensing error

5) Телекоммуникации: Common Application Service Element

6) Сокращение: Close Air Support Evaluation, Coherent Active Source Experiment (USA), Combined Arms Systems Engineering, Committee on Academic Science and Engineering, Computer-Aided System Engineering, computer automated, Computer Application Service Elements, Council of American States in Europe, Centers of Advanced Study and Education

7) Электроника: Computer- Aided Systems Engineering

8) Вычислительная техника: Computer Aided Software Engineering, computer-aided science engineering, Common Application Service Element (ISO, OSI), автоматизация научных исследований и экспериментов с помощью компьютера, автоматизированное проектирование систем

9) Транспорт: Continuing Automotive Service Education

10) Деловая лексика: Confidence Accessibility Safety And Efficiency, Confidence, Accessibility, Soundness, And Efficiency

11) Образование: Chicago Academic Standards Examinations

12) Сетевые технологии: Computer-Aided Software Engineering

13) Полимеры: Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants & Elastomers

14) Программирование: аббревиатура от Computer Aided Software Engineering (Автоматизация проектирования программного обеспечения)

15) Автоматика: common application service elements

16) Океанография: Coordinated Air- Sea Experiment

17) Иммунофармакология: Cellulose Acetate Strip Electrophoresis (электрофорез на полоске из ацетата целлюлозы)

18) Макаров: автоматизированная разработка программного обеспечения

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > case
12 reduce

rɪˈdju:s гл.
1) а) ослаблять, понижать, сокращать, уменьшать We have been able to reduce our tax bill by 10%. ≈ Мы сумели уменьшить сумму налога на десять процентов. Syn: abate, curtail, diminish, lower Ant: enhance, enlarge, escalate, extend, raise б) понижать в должности и т. п. to reduce to a lower rank воен. ≈ понизить в звании в) ослабить;
вызвать похудение;
худеть, соблюдать диету для похудения to be reduced to a shadow/skeleton ≈ превратиться в тень (в скелет) Hunger had reduced the poor dog to skin and bone. ≈ От голода несчастный пес был кожа да кости. She has been reducing for six weeks. ≈ Она уже шесть недель на диете.
2) а) превращать, обращать;
переводить (в другие, более мелкие меры, единицы и т. п.) The whole town was reduced to ashes in the bombing. ≈ Бомбардировка преваритла весь город в кучку пепла. б) мат. сокращать, преобразовывать;
приводить;
приводить к более простому виду в) доводить( до какого-л. состояния) г) сводить, приводить ( to - к чему-л.) Now all history is reduced to the syllables of our name. ≈ Все в данный момент сводится к звукам наших имен (Питер Хэммилл, "Натюрморт") The facts may all be reduced to three headings. ≈ Все сводится к трем фактам.
3) а) вынуждать, заставлять б) побеждать, покорять After a long siege they reduced the fort. ≈ После долгой осады они взяли форт.
4) мед. вправлять (вывих) ;
исправлять положение осколков кости
5) хим. восстанавливать, раскислять( обыкн. to) снижать;
сбавлять, уменьшать;
сокращать - to * expenditure сокращать расходы - to * taxes снижать налоги - to * vitality понижать жизнеспособность - to * speed уменьшать /сбавлять/ скорость - to * the likelihood of war уменьшить опасность возникновения войны - to * the term of imprisonment сократить срок тюремного заключения - * that passage to half the number of words сократите это место( текста) наполовину ослаблять, уменьшать - to * pain облегчать боль - to * one's sight вызвать ослабление зрения - old age *s one's power to remember names and figures в старости память на имена и цифры слабеет худеть;
соблюдать диету для похудения - to * in weight терять в весе - to * by 10 pounds похудеть на 10 фунтов, сбросить 10 фунтов - to * from 160 pounds to 120 pounds весить 120 фунтов вместо прежних 160 - she has been reducing for six weeks она шесть недель сидит на диете, чтобы похудеть вызывать похудение, истощать - to be greatly *d by illness исхудать во время болезни - to be *d to a shadow превратиться в тень - *d almost to nothing кожа да кости - exercise *s stout people от моциона полные люди худеют превращать, обращать - to * to powder истолочь - to * to its elements /components/ разложить на части - to * to ashes сжечь дотла - to * to dust стереть в порошок - to * to matchwood изрубить в щепки - to * wood to pulp превратить древесину в целлюлозу - to * theory to practice применить теорию на практике - to * to writing изложить в письменной форме - to be *d to a nervous wreck дойти до полного нервного истощения - water can be * to oxygen and hydrogen by electrolysis электролизом можно разложить воду на кислород и водород - his clothes were *d to rags его одежда превратилась в лохмотья - passions *d to memories пылкие чувства, превратившиеся в воспоминания переводить, превращать (в другие, более мелкие меры, единицы и т. п.) - to * yards to inches переводить ярды в дюймы - to * pounds to pence превращать /обращать/ фунты в пенсы (математика) сокращать, преобразовывать;
приводить - to * a common fraction to a decimal превращать простую дробь в десятичную - to * fractions to a common denominator приводить дроби к общему знаменателю - to * to scale приводить к заданному масштабу;
уменьшать до заданного масштаба приводить (в определенную систему, порядок и т. п.) - to * to a system привести в систему - to * to classes классифицировать - to * to order /to an orderly arrangement/ привести в порядок;
навести /восстановить/ порядок доводить (до какого-л. состояния) - to * to begging довести до нищеты - to be *d to penury дойти до нищеты, впасть в нужду - he was *d to stealing он был вынужден воровать;
он дошел до того, что стал вором - he employed an accountant to * his money affairs to some semblance of order он нанял счетовода, чтобы привести свои денежные дела хоть в какой-то порядок сводить( к чему-л.) - to * to nothing свести на нет - to * everything to a single principle подвести все под один принцип - to * anomalies to rule подвести отклонения под правило - to * to an absurdity довести до абсурда - to * bribery to a system возвести /превратить/ взяточничество в систему - the facts may all be *d to three headings эти факты можно свести к трем рубрикам - this *d him to asserting /(редк) to assert/ an absurdity из-за этого /в итоге/ он договорился до абсурда - an able barrister *d the prosecutor's submissions to nothing опытный адвокат камня на камне не оставил от утверждений прокурора - irony *d to an art тончайшая ирония - the whole question *s itself to the question whether... весь вопрос сводится к тому, было лИ... понижать в должности, звании и т. п. - to * to the rank (военное) разжаловать в рядовые - to * to a lower rank (военное) понизить в звании заставлять, вынуждать - to * to silence заставить замолчать - to * to submission принудить к повиновению - to * smb. to discipline дисциплинировать кого-л. - you must * those boys to order вы должны заставить этих ребят слушаться - the Indians were *d to small reservations индейцев загнали в тесные резервации покорять, подчинять себе, побеждать - after a long siege they * the fort после долгой осады они захватили форт (военное) подавлять( огневую точку) упрощать( что-л.) - to * an argument упростить рассуждение( математика) приводить /преобразовывать/ к более простому виду укорачивать - to * the length of a skirt укоротить юбку - to * an article сократить /урезать/ статью (медицина) вправлять (вывих) ;
исправлять положение отломков кости (устаревшее) вернуть (былое) ;
восстановить (положение) (фонетика) редуцировать, ослаблять ( техническое) измельчать;
размалывать - to * clods измельчать комки разбавить( вино) ;
развести( краску и т. п.) (фотографическое) уменьшать плотность( негатива) раскислять (химическое) восстанавливать (специальное) пересчитывать показатели на нормальную температуру и давление ~ похудеть;
to be reduced to a shadow (или to a skeleton) превратиться в тень (в скелет) ~ ослабить;
вызвать похудение;
he is greatly reduced by illness во время болезни он очень похудел reduce мед. вправлять ( вывих) ;
исправлять положение обломков кости ~ доводить до (to) ~ ослабить;
вызвать похудение;
he is greatly reduced by illness во время болезни он очень похудел ~ ослаблять ~ понижать в должности;
to reduce to a lower rank воен. понизить в звании ~ покорять, побеждать ~ понижать, ослаблять, уменьшать, сокращать;
to reduce one's expenditure сокращать свои расходы ~ понижать (в должности) ~ похудеть;
to be reduced to a shadow (или to a skeleton) превратиться в тень (в скелет) ~ мат. превращать (именованные числа) ;
приводить к общему знаменателю ~ превращать в другую валюту ~ предварительно обрабатывать ~ предварительно преобразовывать ~ приводить в определенное состояние;
сводить, приводить ( to - к) ;
to reduce to begging довести до нищеты ~ хим. раскислять, восстанавливать ~ сбавлять ~ сводить, превращать ~ снижать ~ сокращать, снижать, уменьшать ~ сокращать ~ уменьшать ~ уменьшить ~ вчт. упростить ~ вчт. упрощать ~ упрощать ~ понижать, ослаблять, уменьшать, сокращать;
to reduce one's expenditure сокращать свои расходы to ~ prices снижать цены;
to reduce the length of a skirt укоротить юбку;
to reduce the term of imprisonment сократить срок тюремного заключения to ~ prices снижать цены;
to reduce the length of a skirt укоротить юбку;
to reduce the term of imprisonment сократить срок тюремного заключения to ~ the temperature снизить температуру;
to reduce the vitality понижать жизнеспособность to ~ prices снижать цены;
to reduce the length of a skirt укоротить юбку;
to reduce the term of imprisonment сократить срок тюремного заключения to ~ the temperature снизить температуру;
to reduce the vitality понижать жизнеспособность ~ понижать в должности;
to reduce to a lower rank воен. понизить в звании to ~ to an absurdity доводить до абсурда;
to reduce to elements разложить на части ~ приводить в определенное состояние;
сводить, приводить (to - к) ;
to reduce to begging довести до нищеты to ~ to an absurdity доводить до абсурда;
to reduce to elements разложить на части to ~ to silence заставить замолчать;
to reduce to submission принудить к повиновению to ~ to silence заставить замолчать;
to reduce to submission принудить к повиновению

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > reduce
13 projectile

снаряд; ( минометная) мина; пуля; см. тж. round, shell

additional propulsion (cannon) projectile — активно-реактивный снаряд, АРС

AP rocket-assisted (cannon) projectile — бронебойный АРС

AT mine scattering (warhead) projectile — снаряд с КБЧ разбрасывающий ПТ мины

cavity (bursting charge) AP projectile — каморный бронебойный снаряд с разрывным зарядом

laser beam rider (cannon) projectile — снаряд с ГСН по лазерному лучу

laser terminal homing (artillery) projectile — самонаводящийся снаряд с лазерной системой наведения на конечном участке траектории

liquid-fuel rocket engine-assisted (cannon) projectile — АРС с ЖРД

multilayer (body) wall fragmentation projectile — осколочный снаряд с многослойными стенками корпуса

multiple warhead (artillery) projectile — (артиллерийский) снаряд с КБЧ

ram-jet assisted (cannon) projectile APC — с ПВРД

ready-element scattering (fragmentation) projectile — снаряд, разбрасывающий готовые поражающие элементы

reconnaissance device(s) carrying projectile — снаряд для доставки разведывательных приборов (к цели)

rifled (-body) mortar projectile — минометная мина с нарезным корпусом

— AA projectile

— additional propulsion mortar projectile

— antiarmor projectile

— anticoncrete projectile

— antipersonnel cluster mortar projectile

— antipersonnel mine scattering projectile

— antiradar guided howitzer projectile

— antiradar homing projectile

— antiriot projectile

— AP capped incendiary projectile

— AP capped projectile

— AP discarding sabot fin-stabilized projectile

— AP high-explosive incendiary projectile

— AP high-explosive projectile

— AP projectile

— AP-incendiary fragmentation projectile

— AP-incendiary projectile

— arrow-shaped finned hard core projectile

— artillery enhanced radiation projectile

— artillery-fired nuclear projectile

— asphyxiating projectile

— AT guided mortar projectile

— AT hollow charge projectile

— AT projectile

— AT rifle projectile

— ballistic capped sharp pointed AP projectile

— ballistic projectile

— base bleed projectile

— base cavity projectile

— base-ejection smoke projectile

— base-ignition smoke projectile

— bean-bag-type projectile

— binary projectile

— blind-loaded projectile

— blunt head AP projectile

— blunt nosed AP projectile

— boat-tail projectile

— bomblet-dispensing artillery projectile

— bounding minelet-scattering cluster projectile

— breakup projectile

— bursting-type smoke projectile

— caliber projectile

— caliber-finned projectile

— caliber-fin-stabilized projectile

— canister shot projectile

— cannon artillery projectile

— cannon-launched beam-rider projectile

— cannon-launched homing projectile

— cannon-launched laser guided projectile

— cannon-launched projectile

— capped projectile

— cargo-carrying projectile

— chaff-delivery projectile

— changeable body-shape projectile

— chemical energy mortar projectile

— chemical energy projectile

— chemical mortar projectile

— chemical projectile

— cluster AT projectile

— cluster-warhead projectile

— common AA projectile

— common geometry smart projectile

— common projectile

— concrete-piercing projectile

— cone cavity HEAT projectile

— conical bore projectile

— contact fuzed projectile

— controlled efficiency projectile

— controlled expansion projectile

— conventional cluster projectile

— conventional-guided projectile

— cored projectile

— counterradar projectile

— counter-spaced armor HEAT projectile

— cross-section drag reduced projectile

— decalibrated projectile

— deep-cavity projectile

— delayed action HE projectile

— depleted uranium body AP projectile

— depleted uranium penetrator HVAP projectile

— detachable band and bourrelet HVAP projectile

— differential tandem-shaped charge projectile

— direct/indirect fire projectile

— directional dispensing heavy ready fragment AP projectile

— discarding sabot flechette projectile

— discarding sabot projectile

— drop fire mortar projectile

— dual-purpose projectile

— dummy projectile

— elongated penetrator detachable sabot projectile

— enhanced fragmentation effect projectile

— enhanced radiation neutron warhead projectile

— enhanced radiation option artillery nuclear projectile

— even-caliber projectile

— expendable communications jammer projectile

— extended range guided projectile

— extended range low-drag projectile

— finned projectile

— fin-stabilized projectile

— flame projectile

— flat-cone hollow charge projectile

— flechette forward firing aircraft rocket projectile

— flechette projectile

— fluid-filled projectile

— fragmentation projectile

— fragmentation-HEAT projectile

— fuel-air explosive projectile

— full-bore projectile

— full-caliber AP projectile

— germ-warfare projectile

— grooved AP projectile

— guided antiarmor mortar projectile

— guided cannon projectile

— gun projectile

— gun-launched IR guided projectile

— gyro optical head projectile

— gyroscope stabilized projectile

— hard core projectile

— HE armor piercing projectile

— HE delay projectile

— HE fin-stabilized projectile

— HE high-capacity projectile

— HE incendiary projectile

— HE plastic AP projectile

— HE projectile

— HE quick projectile

— HE squashed head projectile

— HE time projectile

— HEAT projectile

— HEAT-fragmentation projectile

— heavy fragment-producing mortar projectile

— high-density projectile

— high-fragmentation effect projectile

— high-velocity projectile

— holiow-base projectile

— hollow AP projectile

— hollow cavity projectile

— hollow charge projectile

— hollow-charge mortar projectile

— hollow-charge submissile scattering projectile

— homing artillery cannon projectile

— homing submissile cluster warhead projectile

— howitzer projectile

— howitzer-cluster warhead projectile

— HVAP discarding sabot fin-stabilized projectile

— HVAP projectile

— illuminating projectile

— imaging IR terminal guidance mortar projectile

— immediate-action HE projectile

— impact-action HE projectile

— improved aerodynamics shape mortar projectile

— improved conventional munition projectile

— improved nuclear projectile

— incendiary projectile

— incendiary rocket projectile

— insecticide spray projectile

— IR terminal homing mortar projectile

— IR-guided projectile

— IR-homing projectile

— irritant smoke projectile

— jammer-carrying cannon projectile

— jammer-scattering cannon projectile

— jet projectile

— jet-stabilized projectile

— kinetic energy projectile

— laser-beam guided projectile

— laser-beam homing AT projectile

— laser-designator seeker mortar projectile

— laser-guided gun-launched AA projectile

— laser-guided projectile

— light projectile

— limited-lethality riot projectile

— long-rod penetrator projectile

— low-collateral damage projectile

— low-velocity HEAT projectile

— low-yield nuclear tank projectile

— marker projectile

— marking projectile

— mass-filled projectile

— mine-dispenser projectile

— mine-dispensing projectile

— mine-scattering projectile

— missile projectile

— mortar projectile

— multipurpose projectile

— napalm incendiary projectile

— navigational projectile

— nerve gas projectile

— neutron warhead projectile

— noncontact fuzed projectile

— non-penetrating projectile

— nonrocket assisted projectile

— nonrotating projectile

— nonself-destroying projectile

— nonspinning projectile

— nuclear-armed projectile

— penetrating projectile

— pointed AP projectile

— practice projectile

— prefragmentation projectile

— prefragmented projectile

— prenotched body fragmentation projectile

— pressed cavity lining HEAT projectile

— radar countermeasures projectile

— radar-guided projectile

— ready-made smoke-producing elements smoke projectile

— reconnaissance TV camera delivery projectile

— reel-shape HVAP projectile

— remote antiarmor mine scattering projectile

— rifled-bore AP fin-stabilized discarding sabot projectile

— ring-airfoil guided projectile

— riot projectile

— rocket projectile

— rocket-assisted projectile

— rocket-spun projectile

— rotating grooved AP fin-stabilized discarding sabot projectile

— round nosed AP projectile

— rubber projectile

— sabot cannon-launched guided projectile

— sabot-discarding depleted uranium projectile

— salvo squeeze bore projectile

— scatterable antipersonnel projectile

— scatterable mine cargo carrying projectile

— scatterable projectile

— scattering cluster projectile

— scattering projectile

— search and destroy armor projectile

— self-destroying projectile

— self-forging projectile

— semiactive laser-guided projectile

— semi-armor piercing projectile

— semi-self propelled projectile

— semi-spherical cavity HEAT projectile

— sensor delivery projectile

— service projectile

— shaped charge bomblet-scattering projectile

— shaped charge minelet-scattering projectile

— shaped charge projectile

— shrapnel-type projectile with ready-made elements

— side-wind allowance built-in system HEAT projectile

— slow-burning pyrotechnic base charge projectile

— slow-rotation fin-stabilized HEAT projectile

— slow-spinning fin-stabilized HEAT projectile

— small arms projectile

— small caliber projectile

— smart projectile

— smart target activated fire-and-forget projectile

— smoke-tracer projectile

— smooth-bore cannon-fired aerodynamically stabilized projectile

— solid AP projectile

— solid-headed AP projectile

— special purpose projectile

— spinned rocket projectile

— spinning projectile

— spinning tubular projectile

— spin-stabilized rotating body HEAT projectile

— spool-shaped HVAP projectile

— square head AP projectile

— squashed head AP projectile

— squashing head HE plastic projectile

— stationary charge HEAT projectile

— stream-lined HVAP projectile

— subcaliber discarding sabot projectile

— subcaliber kinetic energy projectile

— subcaliber projectile

— subcaliber spike projectile

— supercaliber fin-stabilized projectile

— tandem-charge HEAT projectile

— tank airburst projectile

— tank-defeating projectile

— target practice projectile

— target-oriented fragment dispersion cone projectile

— terminal guidance mortar projectile

— terminal guidance projectile

— terminally guided projectile

— thermo-chemical energy projectile

— toxic projectile

— tracer projectile

— training projectile

— trajectory booster projectile

— tube-launched projectile

— tunneling cannon projectile

— TV-camera delivering projectile

— TV-equipped illumination projectile

— under-caliber projectile

— unfolding fin projectile

— unrotating projectile

— unrotative projectile

— uranium projectile

— variable time fuzed mortar projectile

— water-drop shaped mortar projectile

— white phosphorus smoke projectile

— wide area special projectile

English-Russian military dictionary > projectile
14 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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"
GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
"
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
15 element

= elem

1) элемент; компонент; составная часть; деталь

2) (химический) элемент

3) pl основы; фундамент; исходные принципы; первые принципы (напр. науки)

4) pl природные явления

•

- acoustic dissipation element
- acoustic radiating element
- active element
- adaptive linear element

- aligning element
- antenna array element
- antenna radiating element
- array element
- asynchronous element
- base functional element
- basic functional element
- beam-shaping element
- bender element
- bilateral element
- bistable element
- branch element
- branching element
- bubble-domain readout element
- C-element
- capacitive-storage element
- charge-transfer element
- chevron propagating element
- circuit element
- code element
- collimating element
- common management information service element

- compensating element
- computer element
- control element
- correction element
- coupling element
- current-stable element
- data element
- data transmitting element
- decision element
- decoupling element
- delay element
- depletion element
- destructive readout element
- detector array element
- diagonal matrix element
- diagonal tensor element
- diffused element
- director element
- discrete element
- display element
- distributed element
- distributed-constant element
- domain tip readout element
- doping element
- driven element
- driving element
- dummy element
- EL element
- electrical element
- electroluminescence element
- electronegative element
- electropositive element
- essential elements of information

- excitable element
- Faraday element
- fast element
- feed element
- ferroelectric element
- field-alterable control element

- final control element
- final controlling element
- floating-gate element
- foreign element
- Friele line element
- fusing element
- fuze-setting element
- generating element
- Goto-pair memory element
- governing element
- heat element
- heating element
- Helmholtz line element
- high-speed element
- holographic element
- hook-up wiring element
- IC element
- idempotent element
- identity element
- image element
- impurity element
- inactive element
- initial element
- intracavity laser tuning element
- intracavity laser frequency tuning element
- Kerr element
- key element
- L-element
- lexical element
- light-dividing element
- line element
- linear electric current element
- linear magnetic current element
- logic element
- luminous element
- lumped element
- lumped-constant element
- M element
- magnetoresistance bubble readout element
- marking element
- master element
- matrix element
- memory element
- MEMS optical element
- MEMS-based optical element
- message key element
- META element
- microelectromechanical system optical element
- microelectromechanical system-based optical element
- monolithic element
- motor element
- moving meter element
- multi-layer adaptive linear element

- multi-wire element
- negative resistance element
- nondestructive readout element
- nonlinear element

- nonlinear charge-storage element

- N-type element
- off-diagonal matrix element
- off-diagonal tensor element
- optical fiber element
- optoelectronic element
- parasitic element
- pass element
- passive element
- picture element

- piezoelectric element
- piezoelectric-crystal element
- piezoresistive element
- planar Hall-effect bubble readout element
- plug-in element
- point-to-point wiring element
- polarization determining element
- position-finding element
- positioning element
- primary element
- primitive element
- print element
- printed element
- processing element
- propagating element
- propagation element
- R-element
- radiating element
- rare-earth element
- rectifying element
- reference element
- reference input element
- reflecting element
- reflector element
- refracting element
- remote operations service element

- resistance element
- resistive element
- resistor element
- resolvable elements
- resonant element
- sampling element
- scheduling processing element
- Schrödinger line element
- screen element
- semiconductor element
- sensing element
- sequential logic element
- signal element
- signal processing element

- spacing element
- standard element
- start element
- stop element
- storage element
- S-type element
- suppression element
- tactile element

- target element
- telegraph signal element
- temperature element
- temperature-compensated reference element
- tensor element
- texture element

- thermoelectric element
- thick-film element
- thin-film element
- threshold element
- time-varying element
- timing element
- tracer element
- transition element
- tree-branch element
- trimming element
- tse processing element
- tuning element
- two-terminal element
- ultor element
- undriven element
- unidirectional element
- unit element
- voltage-stable element
- volume picture element

English-Russian electronics dictionary > element
16 element

1) элемент; компонент; составная часть; деталь

2) (химический) элемент

3) pl. основы; фундамент; исходные принципы; первые принципы (напр. науки)

4) pl. природные явления

•

- acoustic dissipation element
- acoustic radiating element
- active element
- adaptive linear element
- aligning element
- antenna array element
- antenna radiating element
- array element
- asynchronous element
- base functional element
- basic functional element
- beam-shaping element
- bender element
- bilateral element
- bistable element
- branch element
- branching element
- bubble-domain readout element
- C element
- capacitive-storage element
- charge-transfer element
- chevron propagating element
- circuit element
- code element
- collimating element
- common management information service element
- compensating element
- computer element
- control element
- correction element
- coupling element
- current-stable element
- data element
- data transmitting element
- decision element
- decoupling element
- delay element
- depletion element
- destructive readout element
- detector array element
- diagonal matrix element
- diagonal tensor element
- diffused element
- director element
- discrete element
- display element
- distributed element
- distributed-constant element
- domain tip readout element
- doping element
- driven element
- driving element
- dummy element
- EL element
- electrical element
- electroluminescence element
- electronegative element
- electropositive element
- essential elements of information
- excitable element
- Faraday element
- fast element
- feed element
- ferroelectric element
- field-alterable control element
- final control element
- final controlling element
- floating-gate element
- foreign element
- Friele line element
- fusing element
- fuze-setting element
- generating element
- Goto-pair memory element
- governing element
- heat element
- heating element
- Helmholtz line element
- high-speed element
- holographic element
- hook-up wiring element
- IC element
- idempotent element
- identity element
- image element
- impurity element
- inactive element
- initial element
- intracavity laser frequency tuning element
- intracavity laser tuning element
- Kerr element
- key element
- L element
- lexical element
- light-dividing element
- line element
- linear electric current element
- linear magnetic current element
- logic element
- luminous element
- lumped element
- lumped-constant element
- M element
- magnetoresistance bubble readout element
- marking element
- master element
- matrix element
- memory element
- MEMS optical element
- MEMS-based optical element
- message key element
- META element
- microelectromechanical system optical element
- microelectromechanical system-based optical element
- monolithic element
- motor element
- moving meter element
- multi-layer adaptive linear element
- multi-wire element
- negative resistance element
- nondestructive readout element
- nonlinear charge-storage element
- nonlinear element
- N-type element
- off-diagonal matrix element
- off-diagonal tensor element
- optical fiber element
- optoelectronic element
- parasitic element
- pass element
- passive element
- picture element
- piezoelectric element
- piezoelectric-crystal element
- piezoresistive element
- planar Hall-effect bubble readout element
- plug-in element
- point-to-point wiring element
- polarization determining element
- position-finding element
- positioning element
- primary element
- primitive element
- print element
- printed element
- processing element
- propagating element
- propagation element
- R element
- radiating element
- rare-earth element
- rectifying element
- reference element
- reference input element
- reflecting element
- reflector element
- refracting element
- remote operations service element
- resistance element
- resistive element
- resistor element
- resolvable elements
- resonant element
- sampling element
- scheduling processing element
- Schrödinger line element
- screen element
- semiconductor element
- sensing element
- sequential logic element
- signal element
- signal processing element
- spacing element
- standard element
- start element
- stop element
- storage element
- S-type element
- suppression element
- tactile element
- target element
- telegraph signal element
- temperature element
- temperature-compensated reference element
- tensor element
- texture element
- thermoelectric element
- thick-film element
- thin-film element
- threshold element
- time-varying element
- timing element
- tracer element
- transition element
- tree-branch element
- trimming element
- tse processing element
- tuning element
- two-terminal element
- ultor element
- undriven element
- unidirectional element
- unit element
- voltage-stable element
- volume picture element

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > element
17 element

элемент; компонент; составная часть

•

- basic element

- common element

- cost element

- cost-implicit elements

- novelty element

- operation element

- risk element

- time element

- element of chance

- element of costs

- elements of tax

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > element
18 space

1) интервал, промежуток

2) пробел || оставлять пробелы

3) область; площадь

4) пространство || пространственный

5) космос, космическое пространство

6) полость

7) расстояние

•

space over algebra — пространство над алгеброй

space over field — пространство над полем

space with absolute — пространство с абсолютом

space with affine connection — пространство с аффинной связью

space with bilinear metric — пространство с билинейной метрикой

space with boundary — пространство с краем

space with countable base — пространство со счетной базой

space with indefinite metric — пространство с индефинитной метрикой

space with involution — пространство с инволюцией

space with operators — пространство с операторами

space with scalar product — пространство со скалярным произведением

space with two topologies — пространство с двумя топологиями

space with weak metric — пространство со слабой метрикой

space without norm — ненормированное пространство

to space out — полигр. набирать вразрядку

to space out at equal distances — размещать с равными интервалами

- absolute space

- absolutely closed space
- absolutely compact space - absolutely embedded space - absolutely thick space
- abstract space

- action space

- acyclic space

- adele space

- adjacency space

- adjoint space

- adjunct space

- adjunction space

- affine space

- affinely connected space

- air space

- algebraic space

- algebraic transformation space
- algebraically parallel space - almost complex space - almost expandable space - almost isomorphic space - almost metric space - almost nonsingular space - almost paracompact space - almost pretopological space
- alternating space

- ambient space

- analytic space

- analytically isomophic space
- analytically ramified covering space
- analytically ramified space

- analytically uniform space

- anisotropic space

- antidiscrete space

- antidual space

- antiholomorphic space

- antilinear space

- antimetrizable space

- approximation space

- approximative space

- approximatively compact space
- arcwise connected space
- areal space

- arithmetical space

- aspherical space

- associated space

- atomic space

- axiomatic space

- background space

- baggage-and-cargo space

- balanced space

- banach space

- barrelled space

- base space

- berthing space

- biaffine space

- bianalytic space

- biaxial space

- bicompact space

- biconnected space

- binormal space

- biplanar space

- bisequential space

- bitopological space

- bivector space

- boiler water space

- bornological space

- boson space

- bounded space

- boundedly compact space

- bundle space

- cathode space

- causal space

- cellular space

- centered affine space
- centrally harmonic space
- chain space

- character space

- classifying space

- closed space

- coabsolute space

- cocompact space

- cohomologically trivial space

- cohomology space

- coladder space

- collapsible space

- collectionwise normal space

- column space

- comb space

- common factor space

- compactifiable space

- compactly generated space
- compactly ordered space
- complementary space

- complete space

- completely bounded space
- completely continuous space - completely degenerate space - completely disconnected space - completely harmonic space - completely metric space - completely normal space - completely reducible space - completely regular space - completely reticulated space - completely separable space - completely separated space - completely symmetric space - completely uniformizable space
- complex space

- compologic space

- concentrated space

- conditionally compact space

- configuration space

- confined space

- conformal space

- conjugate space

- consistently ordered space
- constant curvature space - continuous sample space - continuously ordered space - contractible in itself space
- contractible space

- contravariant tensor space

- control space

- conuclear space

- convergence space

- convex space

- coordinate space

- coordinatized space

- coreducible space

- coset space

- cosmic space

- cotangent space

- countable space

- countably compact space
- countably compactifiable space - countably dimensional space - countably generated space - countably infinite space - countably metacompact space - countably multinormed space - countably normed space - countably paracompact space - countably refinable space - countably subcompact space
- coupled space

- covered space

- covering space

- criteria space

- critical space

- curve space

- curved space

- cut space

- dark space

- decision space

- decomposition space

- deducted space

- deep space

- deformable space

- degenerate space

- dense space

- dense-in-itself space

- determinable space

- developable space

- difference space

- differential space

- dimensionality space

- dimensionless space

- directed space

- director space

- discoherent space

- disconnected space

- discretely expendable space

- disk space

- dispersed space

- distal space

- distinguished space

- distribution space

- dodecahedron space

- domain space

- door space

- doubly connected space

- drift space

- duality in space

- dually metric space

- dyadic space

- effective space

- elliptic space

- embeddable space

- embedded space

- enclosed space

- endomorphism space

- energetic space

- enveloping space

- equable space

- equiaffine space

- equimorphic space

- equipped space

- equiprojective space

- equiuniformly continuous space

- equivalent space

- error space

- estimation space

- Euclidean space

- even-dimensional space

- event space

- exempted space

- expandable space

- expanding space

- extended space

- extension space

- extremal space

- extremally disconnected space

- factor space

- faithful space

- Faraday dark space

- favorable space

- feebly finite-dimensional space

- fermion space

- fiber space

- fibre space

- figure space

- filled space

- filter space

- filtered space

- finally compact space

- finite space

- finite-dimensional space

- finitely compact space
- finitely productive space - finitely sheeted space - finitely triangulated space
- fixed space

- flag space

- flat space

- foamy space

- foliated space

- foot space

- four-dimensional space

- framed space

- fully complete space
- fully normal space
- function space

- fundamental space

- fuzzy space

- gage space

- gamma space

- gas space

- general metric space
- general metrizable space - general topological space
- generalized space

- generic space

- genus of space

- geodesic space

- geodesically complete space
- global analytic space - globally symmetric space
- good space

- group space

- group-like space

- guard space

- half-spinor space

- harmonic space

- hazy space

- hedgehog space

- hemicompact space

- hereditarily disconnected space
- hereditarily normal space - hereditarily paracompact space - hereditarily separable space - hereditarily symmetric space
- hereditary space

- Hilbert space

- hilbertizable space

- holomorphic cotangent space
- holomorphic tangent space - holomorphically complete space - holomorphically convex space
- holonomic space

- homeomorphic space

- homogeneous space

- homotopically trivial space
- homotopy associative space
- horizontal space

- hyperbolic space

- hypercompact space

- hypercomplete space

- hyperconvex space

- hypermetric space

- hypocompact space

- icosahedron space

- ideal space

- image space

- imaginary space

- imperfect space

- incidence space

- incomplete space

- indecomposable space

- indiscrete space

- induced space

- inductive limit space

- infinite-dimensional space

- infinitely dominated space

- infinite-sheeted space

- infinitesimal space

- infrabarrelled space

- infrahomogeneous space

- infratunnel space

- initially compact space

- injective space

- inner product space

- input space

- integration space

- interaction space

- intermediate space

- internal space

- interplanetary space

- interpolating space

- interpolation space

- interstitial space

- invariant space

- irreducible space

- isometrically isomorphic space
- iterated loop space
- jet space

- kegly space

- killing space

- knot space

- lacunar space

- lacunary space

- lattice-isomorphic space

- leaf space

- lean space

- left space

- lens space

- lexicographic space

- lightly compact space

- limit space

- limit-closed sequence space

- linearity space

- linearly compact space
- linearly connected space - linearly ordered space - linearly topologized space - load space
- localizable space

- locally bicompact space
- locally bounded space - locally closed space - locally compact space - locally complete space - locally connected space - locally contractible space - locally convex space - locally directed space - locally fine space - locally holomorphic space - locally homogeneous space - locally hyperbolic space - locally linear space - locally metrizable space - locally ringed space - locally separable space - locally simply connected space - locally solid space - locally spherical space - locally star-shaped space - locally symmetric space - locally timelike space - locally triangulable space
- logarithmic space

- loop space

- magic space

- manned space exploration

- many-dimensional space

- mapping of space

- mapping space

- mark space

- maximal ideal space

- measurable space

- measure space

- membership space

- mesocompact space

- metacompact space

- metrically homogeneous space

- metrically uniform space

- microhomogeneous space

- mildly paracompact space

- minimal space

- model space

- modular space

- moment space

- monotonically complete space
- monotonically normal space
- moving space

- mud space

- multidimensional space

- multinormed space

- multiply connected space
- naturally isomorphic space - naturally ordered space - naturally reductive space
- n-connected space

- near-affine space

- nearly continuous space
- nearly paracompact space - negative metric space
- negative-definite space

- neighborhood extension space

- neighborhood space

- nested space

- nildimensional space

- nilpotent space

- nonatomic space

- noncollapsible space

- noncomplete space

- noncompletely regular space

- nonconvex space

- noncountably dimensional space

- nondegenerate space

- nondenumerable sample space

- non-Euclidean space

- nonholonomic space

- nonhomogeneous space

- nonmetric space

- nonmetrizable space

- nonnormable space

- nonorientable space

- nonreductive space

- nonseparable space

- nonsingular space

- nonsmooth space

- nonstratifiable space

- nonvacuous space

- normalized space

- normally hereditary space
- normally separated space - not simply connected space - nowhere connected space - null space of linear transformation
- null space

- number space

- numerable space

- numerably contractible space
- n-way projective space
- object space

- observation space

- octahedron space

- odd-dimensional space

- one-dimensional space

- one-point space

- one-way projective space

- orbit space

- orderable space

- ordered space

- oriented space

- orthonormal space

- oscillating space

- outcome space

- outer space

- output space

- paracompact space

- paracomplete space

- parallel space

- parameter space

- parametric space

- pararegular space

- partially ordered space

- partition space

- partitionable space

- passenger space

- path space

- pathwise connected space

- pattern space

- perfectly homogeneous space
- perfectly normal space - perfectly regular space - perfectly screenable space - perfectly separable space - peripherically bicompact space - peripherically compact space
- phase space

- pivot space

- plane space

- player space

- playing space

- pointed space

- point-free space

- pointwise closed space
- pointwise paracompact space
- polar space

- policy space

- polyhedral space

- positive-definite space

- possibility space

- potential space

- power series space

- preadjoint space

- precompact space

- predual space

- prehomogeneous space

- prepolar space

- prestratified space

- pretopological space

- preudocomplete space

- preudoprojective space

- preuniform space

- preunitary space

- prime ideal space

- primitive space

- principal fiber space

- principal space

- probabilistic space

- probability space

- product space

- productive space

- projecting space

- projectively flat space
- projectively metric space
- proximity space

- pseudocompact space

- pseudoconcave space

- pseudodiscrete space

- pseudomagic space

- pseudometric space

- pseudometrizable space

- pseudonormal space

- pseudosemimetric space

- pseudosemimetrizable space

- pseudospherical space

- pseudotopological space

- quadratic space

- quasiaffine space

- quasianalytic space

- quasibarrelled space

- quasicompact space

- quasicomplete space

- quasicomplex space

- quasidevelopable space

- quasidiscrete space

- quasidual space

- quasielliptic space

- quasifiber space

- quasigage space

- quasihyperbolic space

- quasihypermetric space

- quasiinfrabarrelled space

- quasilinear space

- quasilocally closed space

- quasimetric space

- quasinormable space

- quasinormal space

- quasinormed space

- quasiorderable space

- quasiproper space

- quasipseudometric space

- quasireflexive space

- quasistrongly compact space

- quasisymplectic space

- quasitopological space

- quasiultrabarrelled space

- quasiuniform space

- quasiuniformizable space

- quaternion elliptic space
- quaternion hyperbolic space - quaternion projective space - quaternion vector space
- quoin space

- quotient space

- range space

- ranged space

- ranked space

- rarefied space

- rational space

- ray space

- reciprocal space

- recurrent space

- reference space

- reflection space

- region of space

- regularly cocompact space
- regularly ordered space
- relative space

- relatively compact space
- relatively discrete space - relatively strong space
- representation space

- reproducing kernel space

- residual space

- resolvable space

- restricted space

- reticulated space

- rigger space

- right space

- rigid space

- ringed space

- ring-like space

- root space

- rotund space

- row space

- ruled space

- sample space

- scattered space

- screenable space

- secondary combustion space

- self-conjugate space

- semibicompact space

- semicompact space

- semicomplete space

- semielliptic space

- semihyperbolic space

- semiinfinite space

- semilinear space

- semilocal space

- semimagic space

- seminormable space

- seminormal space

- seminormed space

- semiordered space

- semipseudometric space

- semireducible space

- semireflexive space

- semiregular space

- semiseparated space

- semistratifiable space

- semisymplectic space

- semiuniform space

- sequence space

- sequential convergence space
- sequentially closed space - sequentially compact space - sequentially complete space - sequentially quasicomplete space - sequentially separable space
- shunted projective space

- sigma-compact space

- simply harmonic space
- simply ordered space - simply partitionable space
- skew-metric space

- solenoidal space

- solid space

- solution space

- space of admissible variation
- space of affine connectedness
- space of approximants

- space of basic elements
- space of complex homomorphisms
- space of components

- space of connectedness

- space of constant curvature
- space of continuous functions
- space of contractions

- space of cosets

- space of currents

- space of curves

- space of differentials

- space of distribution

- space of embeddings

- space of endomorphisms

- space of events

- space of finite dimension
- space of finite measure
- space of functionals

- space of functions

- space of generalized elements

- space of germs

- space of homeomorphisms

- space of infinite measure

- space of integers

- space of kernels

- space of linear forms
- space of linear interpolation
- space of loops

- space of mappings

- space of maximal ideals

- space of measures

- space of numerical sequences

- space of operators

- space of paths

- space of points

- space of random variables
- space of right cosets - space of scalar curvature
- space of sequences

- space of sets

- space of signals

- space of skew-symmetric tensors

- space of solutions

- space of spinors

- space of splines

- space of strategies

- space of strings

- space of subsets

- space of symmetric tensors

- space of symmetry

- space of tempered distributions

- space of time

- space of trajectories

- space of values

- space of vectors

- spanned space

- specified space

- sphere-like space

- spherically complete space

- spheroidal space

- spline space

- stable reducible space

- standard space

- star-normal space

- star-screenable space

- star-shaped space

- state space

- steam space of boiler

- steam space

- stochastic space

- straight space

- strategy space

- strictly convex space
- strongly bounded space - strongly closed space - strongly compact space - strongly complete space - strongly irreducible space - strongly normal space - strongly normed space - strongly paracompact space - strongly pseudocompact space - strongly pseudometrizable space - strongly rigid space - strongly screenable space - structural space - structure space
- subcompact space

- subparacompact space

- subprojective space

- subsequential space

- sufficiently general space

- sum space

- supercompact space

- supercomplete space

- supermagic space

- superreflexive space

- symbolic space

- symmetric space

- symmetrizable space

- syntopogeneous space

- syntopological space

- taut space

- tessellated space

- tessellation space

- test space

- thick space

- thin space

- three-dimensional space

- tie space

- tight space

- time guard space

- timelike space

- tonnele space

- tooth space

- topologically closed space
- topologically complete space
- topologically equivalent spaces

- topologically homogeneous space

- toroidal space

- total space

- totally bounded space
- totally disconnected space - totally geodesic space - totally imperfect space - totally normal space - totally orderable space - totally ordered space
- trace space

- triangulable space

- triangulated space

- trivially magic space

- truncated space

- tween-deck space

- twistor space

- two-dimensional space

- two-point space

- ultrabornological space

- ultrametric space

- ultranormal space

- ultraregular space

- unconfined space

- uncountable space

- uncountably infinite space

- underlying space

- unicoherent space

- unified space

- uniformly continuous space

- uniformly convex space

- uniformly equivalent spaces

- union space

- universal space

- unrestricted parameter space

- usable space

- utility space

- vacuum space

- value space

- vertical space

- very incomplete space
- water jacket space - weakly closed space - weakly compact space - weakly complete space - weakly covering space - weakly dense space - weakly favorable space - weakly n-dimensional space - weakly paracompact space - weakly regular space - weakly separable space - weakly symmetric space
- weight space

- well chained space

- whole space

- zero-dimensional space

- zero-magic space

English-Russian scientific dictionary > space
19 control switch
аппарат для цепей управления
Коммутационный контактный аппарат, предназначенный для управления работой систем управления и распределения электрической энергии, в т. ч. сигнализации, электрической блокировки и т. д.
Примечания:
1. Аппарат для цепей управления содержит один или несколько коммутационных элементов и общий механизм управления.
2. Это определение отличается от приведенного в МЭС 441-14-46, поскольку аппарат для цепей управления может содержать полупроводниковые или контактные элементы.
[ ГОСТ 50030.5.1-2005]

аппарат для цепи управления
Электрическое устройство, предназначенное для управления, сигнализации, блокировки и т. п. в системах аппаратуры распределения и управления.
Примечание. В конструкцию аппаратов для цепей управления могут входить связанные с ними устройства, рассматриваемые в других стандартах, типа контрольно-измерительных приборов, потенциометров, реле, если они используются для установленных целей.
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60947-1-99)]

EN

control switch (for control and auxiliary circuits)
a mechanical switching device which serves the purpose of controlling the operation of switchgear or controlgear, including signalling, electrical interlocking, etc
NOTE – A control switch consists of one or more contact elements with a common actuating system.
[IEV number 441-14-46]

FR

auxiliaire de commande (pour circuits auxiliaires de commande)
appareil mécanique de connexion dont la fonction est de commander la manoeuvre d'un appareillage, y compris la signalisation, le verrouillage électrique, etc
NOTE – Un auxiliaire de commande comporte un ou plusieurs éléments de contact et un mécanisme transmetteur commun.
[IEV number 441-14-46]

Тематики
- аппарат, изделие, устройство...
EN
- control switch
DE
- Hilfsstromschalter
FR
- auxiliaire de commande
ключ управления
—
[В.А.Семенов. Англо-русский словарь по релейной защите]

Тематики
- релейная защита
EN
- control switch
контрольный искатель
—
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]

Тематики
- информационные технологии в целом
EN
- control switch
контрольный переключатель
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
- control switch
управляющий переключатель
ключ управления
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики
- энергетика в целом
Синонимы
- ключ управления
EN
- control switch
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > control switch
20 control device
аппарат управления
Контактный коммутационный аппарат для управления аппаратурой распределения или управления, в том числе для сигнализации, электрической блокировки и т. п.
Примечание. Аппарат управления состоит из одного или нескольких контактных элементов с общей системой управления.
МЭК 60050(441-14-46).
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60947-1-99)]

EN

control switch (for control and auxiliary circuits)
a mechanical switching device which serves the purpose of controlling the operation of switchgear or controlgear, including signalling, electrical interlocking, etc
NOTE – A control switch consists of one or more contact elements with a common actuating system.
[IEV number 441-14-46]

FR

auxiliaire de commande (pour circuits auxiliaires de commande)
appareil mécanique de connexion dont la fonction est de commander la manoeuvre d'un appareillage, y compris la signalisation, le verrouillage électrique, etc
NOTE – Un auxiliaire de commande comporte un ou plusieurs éléments de contact et un mécanisme transmetteur commun.
[IEV number 441-14-46]

Тематики
- аппарат, изделие, устройство...
Синонимы
- аппарат для цепей управления и вспомогательных цепей
EN
- control device
- control switch (for control and auxiliary circuits)
DE
- Hilfsstromschalter
FR
- auxiliaire de commande (pour circuits auxiliaires de commande)
контрольно-измерительное оборудование
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики
- энергетика в целом
EN
- control device
орган управления
Часть ~~системы~~ аппарата управления, к которой прилагается извне усилие управления.
МЭК 60050(441-15-22).
Примечание. Орган управления может иметь форму рукоятки, ручки, нажимной кнопки, ролика, плунжера и т. п.
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60947-1-99)]

орган управления
Часть приводного механизма, к которой прикладывается внешняя сила воздействия.
Примечание - Орган управления может иметь форму ручки, кнопки, ролика, поршня и т.д.
[ ГОСТ Р 52726-2007]

орган управления
Часть системы привода, подвергаемая внешнему силовому воздействию.
Примечания
1. Орган управления может иметь форму ручки, рукоятки, нажимной кнопки, ролика, плунжера и т.д.
2. Есть несколько способов приведения в действие, которые не требуют внешнего силового воздействия, а только какого-либо действия.
[ГОСТ ЕН 1070-2003]

орган управления
Часть системы управления, которая предназначена непосредственно для воздействия оператором, например путем нажатия.
[ГОСТ Р ЕН 614-1-2003]

орган управления
Часть системы приведения в действие, которая принимает воздействие человека.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60447-2000]

орган управления
Часть системы приведения в действие, которая воспринимает воздействие человека (ГОСТ Р МЭК 60447).
Примечание
В настоящем стандарте орган управления в виде интерактивного экранного устройства отображения является частью этого устройства, которое представляет функцию органа управления.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60073-2000]

орган управления
Часть механизма прибора управления, на который оказывается вручную внешнее силовое воздействие.
Примечание.
Орган управления может иметь форму ручки, рукоятки, кнопки, ролика, плунжера и т.д.
Некоторые органы управления не требуют воздействия внешней силы, а только какого-либо действия.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60204-1-2007]

органы управления
Ручки, переключатели, потенциометры и другие органы, служащие для включения и регулировки аппаратуры. Термин относится преимущественно к аналоговым приборам.
[Система неразрушающего контроля. Виды (методы) и технология неразрушающего контроля. Термины и определения (справочное пособие). Москва 2003 г.]

орган управления
-
[IEV number 442-04-14]

средства оперирования
-
[Интент]

EN

actuator
the part of the actuating system to which an external actuating force is applied
NOTE – The actuator may take the form of a handle, knob, push-button, roller, plunger, etc.
[IEV number 441-15-22]

actuator
part of a device to which an external manual action is to be applied
NOTE 1 The actuator may take the form of a handle, knob, push-button, roller, plunger, etc.
NOTE 2 There are some actuating means that do not require an external actuating force, but only an action.
NOTE 3 See also 3.34.
[IEC 60204-1 -2005]

actuating member
a part which is pulled, pushed, turned or otherwise moved to cause an operation of the switch
[IEV number 442-04-14]

FR

organe de commande
partie du mécanisme transmetteur à laquelle un effort extérieur de manoeuvre est appliqué
NOTE – L'organe de commande peut prendre la forme d'une poignée, d'un bouton, d'un bouton-poussoir, d'une roulette, d'un plongeur, etc.
[IEV number 441-15-22]

organe de manoeuvre
partie qui est tirée, poussée, tournée ou manipulée de toute autre façon pour provoquer le fonctionnement de l'interrupteur
[IEV number 442-04-14]

Аппарат должен оставаться механически действующим. Не допускается сваривание контактов, препятствующее операции размыкания при использовании нормальных средств оперирования.
[ГОСТ Р 50030.3-99 (МЭК 60947-3-99) ]

ВДТ следует оперировать как при нормальной эксплуатации. Операции размыкания должны проводиться в следующем порядке:
для первых 1000 циклов — с использованием ручных средств оперирования;...
[ ГОСТ Р 51326. 1-99 ( МЭК 61008-1-96)]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

The operating means (for example, a handle) of the supply disconnecting device shall be easily accessible and located between 0,6 m and 1,9 m above the servicing level.
[IEC 60204-1-2006]

Органы управления, например, рукоятки аппаратов отключения питания, должны быть легко доступны и располагаться на высоте от 0,6 до 1,9 м от рабочей площадки.
[Перевод Интент]

Where the external operating means is not intended for emergency operations, it is recommended that it be coloured BLACK or GREY.
[IEC 60204-1-2006]

Если внешние средства оперирования не предназначены для выполнения действий при возникновении аварийных ситуаций, то рекомендуется, применять такие средства ЧЕРНОГО или СЕРОГО цвета.
[Перевод Интент]

1.2.2. Control devices

Control devices must be:
— clearly visible and identifiable and appropriately marked where necessary,
— positioned for safe operation without hesitation or loss of time, and without ambiguity,
— designed so that the movement of the control is consistent with its effect,
— located outside the danger zones, except for certain controls where necessary, such as emergency stop, console for training of robots,
— positioned so that their operation cannot cause additional risk,
— designed or protected so that the desired effect, where a risk is involved, cannot occur without an intentional operation,
— made so as to withstand foreseeable strain; particular attention must be paid to emergency stop devices liable to be subjected to considerable strain.

1.2.2. Органы управления

Органы управления должны быть:
- четко видны, хорошо различимы и, где это необходимо, иметь соответствующее обозначение;
- расположены так, чтобы ими можно было пользоваться без возникновения сомнений и потерь времени на выяснение их назначения;
- сконструированы так, чтобы перемещение органа управления согласовывалось с их воздействием;
- расположены вне опасных зон; исключение, где это необходимо, делается для определенных средств управления, таких, как средство экстренной остановки, пульт управления роботом;
- расположены так, чтобы их использование не вызывало дополнительных рисков;
- сконструированы или защищены так, чтобы в случаях, где возможно возникновение рисков, они не могли бы возникнуть без выполнения намеренных действий;
- сделаны так, чтобы выдерживать предполагаемую нагрузку; при этом особое внимание уделяется органам аварийного останова, которые могут подвергаться значительным нагрузкам.

Where a control is designed and constructed to perform several different actions, namely where there is no one-to-one correspondence (e.g. keyboards, etc.), the action to be performed must be clearly displayed and subject to confirmation where necessary.

Если орган управления предназначен для выполнения разных действий, например, если в качестве органа управления используется клавиатура или аналогичное устройство, то должна выводиться четкая информация о предстоящем действии, и, если необходимо, должно выполняться подтверждение на выполнение такого действия.

Controls must be so arranged that their layout, travel and resistance to operation are compatible with the action to be performed, taking account of ergonomic principles.

Органы управления должны быть организованы таким образом, чтобы их расположение, перемещение их элементов и усилие, которое оператор затрачивает на их перемещение, соответствовали выполняемым операциям и принципам эргономики.

Constraints due to the necessary or foreseeable use of personal protection equipment (such as footwear, gloves, etc.) must be taken into account.

Необходимо учитывать скованность движений операторов при использовании необходимых или предусмотренных средств индивидуальной защиты (таких, как специальная обувь, перчатки и др.).

Machinery must be fitted with indicators (dials, signals, etc.) as required for safe operation. The operator must be able to read them from the control position.

Для обеспечения безопасной эксплуатации машинное оборудование должно быть оснащено индикаторами (циферблатами, устройствами сигнализации и т. д.). Оператор должен иметь возможность считывать их с места управления.

From the main control position the operator must be able to ensure that there are no exposed persons in the danger zones.

Находясь в главном пункте управления, оператор должен иметь возможность контролировать отсутствие незащищенных лиц.

If this is impossible, the control system must be designed and constructed so that an acoustic and/ or visual warning signal is given whenever the machinery is about to start.

Если это невозможно, то система управления должна быть разработана и изготовлена так, чтобы перед каждым пуском машинного оборудования подавался звуковой и/или световой предупредительный сигнал.

The exposed person must have the time and the means to take rapid action to prevent the machinery starting up.

[DIRECTIVE 98/37/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL]

Незащищенное лицо должно иметь достаточно времени и средств для быстрого предотвращения пуска машинного оборудования.

[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- автоматизация, основные понятия
- аппарат, изделие, устройство...
- безопасность машин и труда в целом
- выключатель автоматический
- выключатель, переключатель
- высоковольтный аппарат, оборудование...
- электробезопасность
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
- средства оперирования
EN
DE
FR
- organe de commande
- organe de manoeuvre
управляющее устройство
Устройство, включенное в цепь управления и используемое для управления работой машины (например, датчик положения, ручной контрольный переключатель, реле, электромагнитный клапан).
[ГОСТ ЕН 1070-2003]

EN
- control device
DE
- Steuergerät
FR
- appareil de commande
управляющее устройство (электропривода)
Устройство, предназначенное для формирования управляющих воздействий в электроприводе.
[ ГОСТ Р 50369-92]

Тематики
- электропривод
EN
- control device
DE
- Steuereinrichtung
устройство для регулирования дебета
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]

Тематики
- нефтегазовая промышленность
EN
- control device
устройство контроля
контрольный прибор
средство контроля
—
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]

Тематики
- информационные технологии в целом
Синонимы
- контрольный прибор
- средство контроля
EN
- control device
~~прибор~~ устройство цепи управления
~~Прибор~~ Устройство, включенныйое в цепь управления и используемыйое для управления работой машины (например, датчик положения, ручной выключатель управления, реле, контактор, электромагнитный клапан).
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60204-1-2007]

EN

control device
device connected into the control circuit and used for controlling the operation of the machine (for example position sensor, manual control switch, relay, contactor, magnetically operated valve)
[IEC 60204-1, ed. 5.0 (2005-10)]
[IEC 60204-1-2006]

FR

appareil de commande
appareil raccordé au circuit de commande et servant à commander le fonctionnement de la machine (par exemple un capteur de position, un auxiliaire manuel de commande, un relais, un contacteur, un électrodistributeur)
[IEC 60204-1, ed. 5.0 (2005-10)]

Номинальный ток коммутационной аппаратуры выбирают с учетом мощностей, потребляемых всеми устройствами цепи управления.
[ ГОСТ Р ИСО 8528-4—2005]

Одно устройство для цепи управления может иметь несколько групп механически связанных контактных элементов.
[ ГОСТ Р 50030.5.1-2005 (МЭК 60947-5-1:2003)]

Электромеханические устройства цепей управления
[МЭК 60947-5-1:2003]

При питании от понижающего трансформатора через выпрямительное устройство цепей управления постоянного тока, имеющих выключатели безопасности, один из полюсов этого устройства на стороне выпрямленного напряжения должен быть заземлен.
[Правила устройства и безопасной эксплуатации лифтов ]

Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые
- прибор управления (1)
Примечание(1)- Мнение автора карточки
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
- электроустановки
EN
- control device
FR
- appareil de commande
фонтанная задвижка
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]

Тематики
- нефтегазовая промышленность
EN
устройство управления (control device): Средство, с помощью которого пользователь управляет креслом-коляской с электроприводом, чтобы двигаться с выбранной скоростью в выбранном направлении.

Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 7176-22-2004: Кресла-коляски. Часть 22. Правила установки оригинал документа

3.1.14 контрольное устройство (control device): Устройство, показывающее нормальную работу объекта или необходимость приведения его в действие.

Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 12509-2010: Машины землеройные. Осветительные, сигнальные и габаритные огни и светоотражатели оригинал документа
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > control device

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Перевод: с английского на русский

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